Christopher Columbus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Christopher Columbus - Essay Example The western colonization was on its way and Europeans were keen to discover new land and to take maximum advantage of the resources they offer. His first voyage was in 1492 but he couldn’t reach America during that and his third voyage lead him to the new world in 1498. He never thought to discover America; it was India which he was searching. And neither was he the only and the earliest European explorer to find America. The people already living there are refers as Indians and the reason is that Columbus thought he reached India and that’s why he referred them as Indian. Columbus’ discovery played an important part in the growing economy and imperialism of European powers at that time, the economic competition was growing between the European countries and all of them were in search of new colonies and trade routes. So his discovery was a break through in the economic competition. Americans and Spanish celebrate Columbus Day every year in the anniversary of the great discovery by Christopher Columbus. It is believed that he was born in Republic of Genoa which is located in the Italy, 1 and married to a Portuguese woman. His father was a middle class wool weaver and he got two brothers and a sister. Due to the poor financial conditions of his family, he did not take any proper education and start working at sea. According to his writing, he first went to the sea at the age of ten. His first voyage was in a service to Rene I of Anjou; Columbus was assisting him in his quest to conquer the Kingdom of Naples. Since then he started his career and went to different voyages in different areas. Though there is no existing portrait of Columbus present in this world but still there are few on which we usually rely. Though an official portrait was drawn by Alejo Fernandez and the title of that was Virgeon de los Navengates. 2 From different writings we can get the idea that the Columbus was a red

Tribal Women in Chipko Movement Essay Example for Free

Tribal Women in Chipko Movement Essay The women who participated in the Chipko meetings, processions and other programmes have become aware of their potentialities and are now demanding a share in the decision-making process at the community level. Apart from Reni, the events at Dongri Paintoli village indicated a new development in the movement. On 9th February, 1980 the women of Dongri Paintoli turned out in large numbers, held a Chipko demonstration and prevented any tree-felling. Nine days later, the Government ordered the forest-felling in that area stopped, and within a month a ban on any further cutting was effected. Subsequently, women leaders in the village were defamed and asked not to attend further meetings. The women in Reni took action only because there were no men in the village around to do so. Their â€Å"action† was to ask the tree-fellers to wait until their men returned so that some discussions could take place between the two sides (of men) as equals. Women took charge of the scene only in the absence of men, but once they did take charge, they succeeded. In Dongri Paintoli, by contrast, rather than merely taking a decision in the absence of men, the women stood up against decisions made by their own men. Although they faced opposition from men, they held to their conviction. This certainly marked a major step forward in terms of women’s role in the Chipko movement. In Gopeshwar, women have now formed a cooperative of their own, the Mahila Mangal, to ensure protection of the forest around the town. Its work is carried out regularly by watchwomen, who receive regular wages. Under this supervision, the extraction of forest produce for daily necessities is accomplished in a regular manner, so as not to harm the trees. Women or men violating these rules are fined, and these fines are deposited in a common fund. Those who do not obey the rules face the punishment of having their tools confiscated. It can only be said that the cases of Reni and Dongri Paintoli and the organization of women into the Mahila Mangal at Gopeshwar are indicative of the latent potentialities in the organization and mobilization of resources by women whose consciousness has been raised. Women’s participation in Chipko movement, however limited in numbers or in its impact on the general way of life, has implications for possible changes in gender relationships in the Garhwali tribal society. Since tribal women are the gatherers of fuel, fodder and water, it is they who feel the first impact of soil erosion. Women had repeatedly challenged administrators and politicians with their slogans: â€Å"Planning without fodder, fuel and water is one-eyed planning. † Their struggle against injustice brought them into direct confrontation with the men. Gaura Devi, the famous leader, had to tolerate continuous harassment. First the contractor tried to bribe her into letting his men enter the forest. When she refused this offer, the forest department personnel threatened to call the police and arrest her. The contractor in league with some villagers composed folk songs describing the arrest of Gaura Devi and her torture in jail. Chipko women activists are being accused of getting the villagers blacklisted. The men said that since the villages were blacklisted due to the behavior of women, the young men, most of whom were in the army, would not be given employment anywhere, and the villages would not be supplied with essential commodities like salt and kerosene. Also the villages would be deprived of a motor road, electricity, hospital. The women activists are being made the villains of the piece and rumor is being used as a weapon to isolate them. Everyday the men returned home and flinged accusations at the women. This constant harassment within the family caused the women immense mental agony. According to Gayatri Devi, the success of the Chipko movement demonstrates the intellectual superiority of the women over the men in the village. In 1980s, the Chipko movement subsided, with only a small section associated with Bahuguna continuing to protest against the construction of the Tehri dam. However, part of Chipko critique thinks that government policy in the Uttar Pradesh hills was insensitive to the region’s ecological and social specificity and was driven by the concern to maximize revenues which were appropriated by a bureaucracy based in the plains, formed the core of a movement for regional autonomy. 4 This movement for a separate state raged throughout the 1980s and 1990s and was marked by a series of public protest rallies and demonstrations, some of which were violently suppressed by the state (most notably the brutal assault on women protestors at Muzaffarnagar in 1994). The state of Uttaranchal was finally carved out of the hill districts of Uttar Pradesh in 2000. The Chipko movement inspired Vandana Shiva for the development of a new theory called as ‘Ecofeminism’ which specifically explains the link between the ‘women and ecology’ which were in great demand in the market. To be clearer, Vandana Shiva’s Ecofeminist Movement brought imperialism inscribed in the colonial practices, into the centre of the Environmentalist debate. Vandana Shiva’s narratives of Chipko centre on women. She draws the village women of Garhwal into her narratives by binding them to Himalayan forests and nature, not because they are their birthright but through the ‘feminine principle’ which exists in both Women and Nature. She has presented the village women of Garhwal as exploited by colonialism and threatened by modernization and economic development. Chipko is, for Shiva, a women’s ecology movement, a resurgence of women’s power. Chipko women were in against of exploiting forest for timber because they valued forests for providing their simple subsistence; they did not care for economic gain. Forests, for them, provide soil, water and pure air. In 1977, she states, the two paradigms of forestry, one life-destroying (commerce-oriented and masculine) and the other life-enhancing (subsistence-oriented and embodying the feminine principle), clashed, following which Chipko became â€Å"explicitly an ecological and feminist movement†. Shiva asserts that Chipko women are against development, modernization, and economic rationality. According to her, they expect nothing from so called ‘development’ or from the money economy. They only wanted to preserve their autonomous control over their subsistence base, their common property resources: the land, water, forests, and hills. Chipko movement is thus very much a feminist movement. It not only has brought forth in a dramatic manner greatly increased understanding of the divergent interests of local communities and state bureaucracies in the management of local resources; it is now finding that the interests of men and women within the same community can differ greatly. As long as the Chipko movement remains sensitive to this learning process, it is bound to grow in strength. Ramchandra Guha is widely regarded as one of India’s leading environmental historians. In his well known book5 he argues that while Chipko may have involved women, adopted Gandhian non-violent strategies, and raised popular awareness towards environmental problems in the Himalayas, it is neither an environmental, nor Gandhian, nor feminist movement. He holds that, in Uttarakhand the participation of women in popular movements dates from the anti alcohol agitations led by Sarvodaya workers in the 1960s. However, despite the important role played by women, it would be simplistic to characterize Chipko as a feminist movement. In several instances, especially the early mobilizations at Mandal and at Phata, it was men who took the initiative in protecting forests. Women came to the fore in Reni, when in the contrived absence of men folk they unexpectedly came forward to thwart forest felling. In other agitations, such as Badyargarh men, women, children have all participated equally. Dongri-Paintoli is the only instance of an overt conflict between men and women over the management and control of forest resources. As such, even at level of participation Chipko can hardly be said to constitute a women’s movement. Undoubtedly, the hill women have traditionally borne an extraordinarily high share of family labour –and their participation in Chipko may be read as an outcome of the increasing difficulty with which these tasks have been accomplished in the deteriorating environment. Interestingly, Chandi Prasad Bhatt does believe that women are capable of playing a more dynamic role than the men who, in the face of growing commercialization, are apt to lose sight of the long-term interests of the village economy. On the other hand, it has been suggested that which they are the beasts of burden as viewed through the prism of an outside observer, hill women are in fact aware that they are the repository of local tradition. In the orbit of the household women often take decisions which are rarely challenged by the men. In the act of embracing the trees, therefore, they are acting not merely as women but as bearers of continuity with the past in a community threatened with fragmentation. Chipko movement as a constructive resistance to ecological struggle is played out in Nina Sibal’s Yatra: The Journey. The protagonist, Krishna Kaur, embarks on a pilgrimage for environmental justice that takes her through the area where the Chipko movement is active; there she received the secret of angwaltha from the Chipko women, their spirit of love reaching her as she walked through the Deva Bhumi of Uttarakhand and her padyatra. The novel begins with Krishna’s return to India from an activist-business trip to London: her short visit had been useful in terms of the contact she had made in the Forestry Commission and an international environmental foundation has committed funds for an important river project in the Garhwal hills. But environmental concerns are rarely mentioned by the author. The novel foregrounds gender issues in the Chipko movement. It says –â€Å"After all, at its heart, the Chipko Movement is very feminist. It consists essentially of a string of spontaneous confrontations triggered and managed by women of the region, in which none of the so-called leaders were present. In some cases they were struggling against their own men who saw their immediate economic interests tied up with the decisions of the district administration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..

Cheorkee Indians :: essays research papers

MARSHALL, C. J. This bill is brought by the Cherokee nation, praying an injunction to restrain the state of Georgia from the execution of certain laws of that state, which, as is alleged, go directly to annihilate the Cherokee as a political society, and to seize for the use of Georgia, the lands of the nation which have been assured to them by the United States, in solemn treaties repeatedly made and still in force. If courts were permitted to indulge their sympathies, a case better calculated to excite them can scarcely be imagined. A people, once numerous, powerful, and truly independent, found by our ancestors in the quiet and uncontrolled possession of an ample domain, gradually sinking beneath our superior policy, our arts and our arms, have yielded their lands, by successive treaties, each of which contains a solemn guarantee of the residue, until they retain no more of their formerly extensive territory than is deemed necessary to their comfortable subsistence. To preserve this remnant, the present application is made. Before we can look into the merits of the case, a preliminary inquiry presents itself. Has this court jurisdiction of the cause? The third article of the constitution describes the extent of the judicial power. The second section closes an enumeration of the cases to which it is extended, with "controversies between a state or citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects." A subsequent clause of the same section gives the supreme court original jurisdiction, in all cases in which a state shall be a party. The party defendant may then unquestionably be sued in this court. May the plaintiff sue in it? Is the Cherokee nation a foreign state, in the sense in which that term is used in the constitution? The counsel for the plaintiffs have maintained the affirmative of this proposition with great earnestness and ability. So much of the argument as was intended to prove the character of the Cherokees as a state, as a distinct political society, separated from others, capable of managing its own affairs and governing itself, has in the opinion of a majority of the judges, been completely successful. They have been uniformly treated as a state, from the settlement of our country. The numerous treaties made with them by the United States, recognise them as a people capable of maintaining the relations of peace and war, of being responsible in their political character for any violation of their engagements, or for any aggression committed on the citizens of the United States, by any individual of their community.

Art :: essays research papers

I. Reading Clive Bell Sometimes I wonder about Clive Bell. After all, the man was obviously no fool. On the contrary-his every credential, every little detail of his career tells us otherwise: his life as the brilliant young student educated at Trinity College, hob-nobbing with other future intellectual heavyweights such as Lytton Strachey, Sydney-Turner, Leonard Woolf; the young scholar (described by friends as being „a sort of mixture between Shelley and a sporting country squire ¾) who, along with Thoby, Adrian, Virginia (later Woolf) and Vanessa (later Bell) Stephens, was to become part of the very core of „Old Bloomsbury ¾; the eminent art critic who proved crucial in gaining popular acceptance for the art of the Post-Impressionists in Great Britain-all of this serves as an almost overwhelming body of evidence pointing to the fact that this man was an intellectual of the very finest water. For myself, however, the above also serves to add a measure of urgency to this question: why do I find myself in almost constant disagreement with practically everything that Clive Bell has to say about art? I am inclined to say that it has something to do with the fact that, for him, it is not „art ¾-it is Art, art-with-a-capital-à ¥a ¼, so to speak. What I mean by this will be made plain through a discussion of his main book on the topic, (the very imaginatively titled) Art. Bell starts by postulating that there is but one kind of emotional response to all works of art, or at any rate to all works of visual art. This is what he calls the „aesthetic emotion ¾; it is intrinsic to both the appreciation and creation of art, and it is a response triggered by what (according to him) all works of visual art have in common: „significant form ¾ (which is a concept that I ¼ll have more to say about later). True, he says, different people respond differently to the same works, but what matters, according to him, is that all of these different responses are not different in kind. For according to him „all works of visual art have some common quality, or when we speak of à ¥works of art ¼ we gibber ¾. This extraordinary statement is to be found on page 6 of the edition of the book that I have before me-and here, already, I find myself in disagreement with Mr. Bell. In his statement of the case, is there any logical reason to believe that we do not gibber?

Barriers to identifying and Treating Older Adults with Substance abuse Problems

Substance abuse among older adults is a serious social problem. Detection of this problem, according to specialists, is hampered by barriers . This is all the more serious considering the fact that substance abuse is a serious problem among older adults but is seldom addressed because of the barriers. The need to identify and break down the barriers is important because it is important to identify and cure substance abuse patients from older adult age group bracket.This is to consider the implications of such condition to older adults – impairment of senses and mental capabilities; the health danger of mixing alcohol and other substance with medication older adults take; the threat of malnutrition considering the inability of the body to take in food; and lastly, the consideration on overall physiological effects of substance to the aging body which deteriorates because of old age and the everyday wear and tear. This is an important consideration why it is important to identif y the barriers that hinder or hamper the identification and cure of older adults suffering from substance abuse.II. Discussion Many research endeavors and researchers have already ascertained the fact that substance abuse is a problem among older adults who are addicted to different substances like alcohol as well as prescription drugs and illegal drugs. Studies are already available regarding the number of older adults in the society who are suffering from this problem . The complex way of life and how way of life differs from one place to another depending on and based from customs, tradition, cultural characteristics, etc. , has strongly affected many important aspects of life.Many professionals believe that this consideration plays an important role in the condition of the society being unable to identify older adults with substance abuse because of perceived barriers. It is important to know what these barriers are, discuss and analyze them to be able to understand these barrie rs and if possible provide solutions so that these barriers are removed and the health of the people with substance abuse problems be allowed to improve through intervention. What exactly are these barriers that hinder the identification and treatment of older adults with substance abuse problems?A. Psychological barriers Psychological barriers are present in this condition. Older adults tend to have psychological issues leading to their cases of substance abuse, as well as psychological issues when it comes to coming out and seeking help for their problem. Often, they have preconceived notions about how the society will treat them if they openly discuss their problems with substance abuse especially considering the stigma that substance abuse and the society places on the individual. Because of that, they are not overly enthused in seeking help.â€Å"Compared to younger adults, older adults are less likely to seek out and use mental health or substance abuse services . † For example, they might have the tendency to feel that professionals may look at their case as hopeless and useless to cure since they are already old and have only few years to live that intervention would have little effect. Others think that admitting substance abuse at this stage is something that is shameful. There are many other preconceived notions that deter individuals to come forward.More importantly, it is hard for those suffering from substance abuse to admit that they are addicted and for them to accept cure. This is a significant barrier. This is deterrent enough for these people to hide in the shadows. When they do, professionals, who try to seek them out, finds it more and more difficult to do so. Because of this, psychological consideration becomes a significant barrier in identifying and treating older adults with substance abuse problems. This psychological and social condition results to two things which strongly affect the efforts to identify and treat older adults with substance abuse problems.First is the lack of cooperative instincts or tendencies on the part of the individual or his or her close family and friends because of the feared repercussions. Second is the absence of the voluntary action to come forward and instead undertake efforts to further shield this addiction from being detected by professionals. Analysts are already conscious of this problem and barrier and are already suggesting ways to counter this, like the identification of ideal and useful approaches to this. Barriers are identified and later on removed and resolved to help the older adults.â€Å"In addressing alcohol problems or prescription medication misuse in later life, the use of nonjudgmental, motivational approaches can be a key to successfully engaging these patients in-care . † B. Target population Another barrier is the focus on target population. Often, adults, especially older adults, are perceived as individuals who are already capable, in control and are not as prone to substance abuse compared to younger adults who are in the early or middle part of their career, or even underage individuals who are more vulnerable to the temptations of substance abuse.This creates a misguided focus. Professionals and the society often look at a particular demographic alone and often ignores the older adult group in this kind of problem. This focus on traditional target demographics limits. Even blinds, professionals from exploring older adult groups, and the medical community should reevaluate paradigms, break traditional notions and stereotypes and consider the fact that every age group that is capable of accessing and ingesting substance that could lead to abuse can be an ideal target for substance abuse patients.In many research studies as well as in popular culture and mass media, often, the individuals portrayed as suffering from substance abuse are young to middle age adults. Efforts to study and identify substance abuse are often fo cused on selected groups and often not including older adults. C. Screening and social indicators Social indicators also mislead professionals into believing older adults are sober and are not explored for cases of substance abuse. According to professionals, social indicators like substance abuse symptoms seen at work, in the neighborhood, on the road, etc are often not common with older adults.This means older adults aren't the target of complaints for poor performance at work because of substance use and abuse; families and friends seldom complain about older adults in the household suffering from substance abuse, etc. â€Å"Older adult drinkers tend to have fewer social indicators of abuse . † Of course, this is not to mention that there are fewer indicators among this group of people considering how they are grossly outnumbered by the youth and the young adult and how figures involving older adults are overlooked.Those from younger age groups are bigger and appear more s erious, more chronic and more important, which is an incorrect perspective. What also hinders professionals from identifying and treating older adults with substance abuse is the screening process. Professionals believe that the social condition often makes older adults as individuals who are not commonly screened for any physiological or psychological signs of addiction. â€Å"It is second barrier that elders are not routinely screened for alcohol abuse by medical and mental health providers .† There are many reasons as to why this is the case. For example, it is convenient to explore the possibility that screening is often focused on younger individuals who are more vulnerable to substance abuse than older adults, creating a practice wherein older adults are often not subjected to screening. III. Conclusion Substance abuse is a serious problem. This is a kind of problem that is not limited only to young individuals but to adults and the older adults as well, including the e lderly.Evidently, there remains many significant barriers that make it difficult for professionals to identify cases of substance abuse among older adults and enforce medical as well as psychological intervention on the matter. These barriers are not easily broken down. It needs to be identified first and it is often deeply entrenched and deeply buried in the socio cultural practice and way of life of the people. Such barrier becomes formidable and hinders the entry of substance abuse recovery and rehabilitation assistance from professionals.In the end, what is important is not the mere identification of the presence of a barrier or certain barriers. More importantly, it is important to know how these barriers can be broken so that older adults with substance abuse problems are identified and provided with medical attention, care and intervention they needed to get over this kind of mental and physical health problem. On a positive light, it is indeed good to know that somehow, prof essionals are showing new ways and methods to identify substance abuse among older adults , which is significant in fighting off the barriers and allowing identification and intervention to take place.To identify the barriers and more importantly to address them by acting upon it to remove such barriers, it is important that change takes place: change in the perspective and outlook of the medical professionals; change in the perspective and outlook of health care individuals and entities; and most importantly, change in perspective and outlook of the people and the society in general so that identification is easier and the intervention administered faster and more efficiently. References Doweiko, H. E. (2006). Concepts of chemical dependency.California: Cengage. Edelman, C. L. and Mandle, C. L. (2005). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span. Pennsylvania: Elsevier Health Sciences. Hales, R. E. and Yudofsky, S. C. (2004). Essentials of clinical psychiatry. Virginia: American Psyc hiatric Publication. Maddux, J. E. and Winstead, B. A. (2007). Psychopathology: Foundations for a Contemporary Understanding. New Jersey: CRC Press. Ries, R. K. , Miller, S. , Fiellin, D. A. and Saitz, R. (2009). Principles of Addiction Medicine. Pennsylvania: Wolters Kluwer Health.

Using however - Emphasis

Using however Using however ‘However’ is a useful word, however you look at it. [Sorry – Ed.] But readers of our e-bulletin, Write Away, often ask us to clarify the right ways to use it. However we can help, say we. Meaning ‘but’ The most common way of using ‘however’ is to mean ‘but’. This usually comes at the beginning of a sentence, and is followed by a comma. The calendar claimed the month was May. However, the temperature felt more like November. For this use, it’s also correct to put it in the middle of the sentence, with commas either side. It was May. It was, however, very nippy. Or you can put it at the end, after a comma. I am normally wearing shorts by this time of year. I’m afraid of pneumonia, however. But it is wrong to use ‘however’ between two parts of a sentence that make sense by themselves. I look forward to this time of year, however today I have goosebumps is grammatically incorrect. You can use ‘but’ here instead, because it is a conjunction (or joining word). ‘However’ is not a conjunction when it means ‘but’. I look forward to this time of year. However, today I have goosebumps is grammatically correct. Meaning ‘no matter how’ Another, less common, meaning for ‘however’ is ‘no matter how’. You can use it in the middle of a sentence without a comma after it. I couldn’t bring myself to give up my thermal vest, however tired I was of being teased for it. You can also put it at the beginning of your sentence, without a comma afterwards. However you like me to dress, I’ll do the opposite. Be wary of not accidentally putting a comma after ‘however’ in this instance, or you could end up saying something quite different. However, you like me to dress, I’ll do the opposite. [Note: if you do ever want to assert that, while there are people who prefer you clothed, you will always choose to defy them, then that second comma should really be a semi-colon. Or a full stop.] Meaning ‘in whatever way’ In this form ‘however’ can be at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, with no punctuation around it. I’m kidding. I’ll dress however you’d like me to. It’s your mum’s birthday party. How do I want to travel to Hawaii? However you want. You’re paying. Alternatives When you’re writing a long document, and you need to link from one paragraph to another, it’s easy to fall into the trap of over-using ‘however’ (meaning ‘but’). Here are some good alternatives to keep your writing varied and fresh:         Nevertheless         On the other hand         But         Yet         Despite         In contrast/comparison. If you’re ever in doubt about how to use a particular word, or if you have any other business writing questions, our free 64-page guide to better writing The Write Stuff will help. Click here to download your free copy.

Can Undocumented Immigrants Go to College

Can Undocumented Immigrants Go to College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips During my undergraduate years at Stanford and in my first job after graduation, I counseled a number of undocumented high school students. Many undocumented students incorrectly assume that they’re not allowed to go to college. While there are additional barriers that make pursuing a college education more difficult, I’m proud to say that I know multiple undocumented immigrants who are now graduates from prestigious universities. In this article, I’ll detail the rules and obstacles for undocumented students who pursue higher education. College Admission Policies for Undocumented Immigrants There is no federal law that prohibits the admission of undocumented immigrants to either public or private US colleges. However, institutional policies can vary, and some states have placed restrictions on undocumented students from attending in-state postsecondary institutions. The Georgia Board of Regents banned undocumented students from attending the top 5 state-funded colleges in Georgia. Also, Alabama and South Carolina prohibit undocumented students from enrolling at any public postsecondary institution. Despite these prohibitions, the majority of US colleges remain open to undocumented students. Many colleges are becoming increasingly vocal and open about their support for undocumented immigrant students. This year, Rutgers University-Newark held a college admissions fair for undocumented students. Furthermore, top colleges like Stanford, Dartmouth, Duke, and the University of Chicago have stated that they welcome the applications of undocumented students and have undocumented students enrolled. Regardless of citizenship status, you can be a college grad! However, even though undocumented immigrants can be admitted to most of the nation's colleges, financial obstacles make attending much more difficult. Financial Issues for Undocumented Immigrants Undoubtedly, the biggest hurdles for undocumented students going to college are financial. Federal Aid Undocumented students can't legally receive any federally funded aid, including loans, grants, scholarships, or work-study money. Most students who need financial assistance to attend college fill out a FAFSA, the Free Application for Federal Student Aid and are given federal grants and loans based on their expected family contribution. Undocumented students do not have this option because they're ineligible for all forms of federal aid. State Aid and In-State Tuition Many states treat undocumented students like foreign students. In these states, undocumented immigrants are ineligible for state aid and the lower in-state tuition charged to residents at state institutions. Arizona, Georgia, and Indiana specifically prohibit in-state tuition rates for undocumented students. States That Offer In-State Tuition Some states, though, have passed laws that enable undocumented students to pay in-state tuition if they meet certain conditions, and trends seem to indicate that more states will offer in-state tuition to undocumented students in the future. Currently, 16 states have laws allowing undocumented immigrants to pay in-state tuition provided they meet certain requirements: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Washington. For example, California has a state law known as AB 540. Undocumented students qualify for in-state tuition if they attend a California high school for 3 years, graduate from a California high school, and fill out an affidavit that says they will apply for US residency as soon as possible. Additionally, Oklahoma and Rhode Island allow in-state tuition rates for undocumented students through Board of Regents' decisions. And, in 2013, the University of Hawaii's and the University of Michigan's Board of Regents adopted policies for undocumented students to have access to in-state tuition at those colleges. States That Give Aid Presently, California, Minnesota, New Mexico, Texas, and Washington allow undocumented students to receive state aid. Private Scholarships Most private scholarships require applicants to be US citizens or legal residents. However, there are some scholarships that are open to undocumented immigrants and an increasing number of scholarships are specifically for undocumented students. For more information regarding private scholarships for undocumented students, check out: Golden Door Scholars TheDream.US MALDEF Scholarship Resources QuestBridge Becas Univision Scholarship Furthermore, you can review this scholarship guide for undocumented students. In addition to these scholarships, some private colleges, including NYU, grant scholarships or other aid to undocumented students. How to Address Your Citizenship on Your Application If you're an undocumented student, don't lie or misrepresent your citizenship status on your application. Leave your social security number blank. Don't put in an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, Alien number, or any other number. For the University of California, undocumented students should select "No Selection" for their country of citizenship. In your application essay, absolutely, feel free to address your immigration status and situation. Colleges want to hear about obstacles that you've had to overcome, but don't let those obstacles define you. The purpose of the application essay is for the school to get to know you and get a better sense of how you could possibly contribute to the college's community. Focus on your accomplishments and what makes you unique as an individual. The Federal Education and Privacy Act (FERPA) protects the privacy of student records at all educational institutions. Whatever you write in your essay or talk about with admissions or financial aid counselors will not be reported. Additional Advice for Undocumented Immigrants State and federal laws change all the time, especially since immigration is such a politically charged issue. Educate yourself about current state and federal laws regarding tuition and aid rules for undocumented students. The two federal laws you should be aware of are DACA and the DREAM Act. If you are DACA eligible, you can get a work permit and be freed from the fear of deportation for at least 2 years. Unfortunately, you still won't be eligible for federal financial aid. The DREAM Act has not been passed and has undergone numerous changes since it was first proposed in 2001. However, if it ever passes, it could have a profound impact on higher education access for undocumented students. Also, if it does pass, you'll be on a path to citizenship if you attend college. If you have a good relationship with your counselor, talk with him or her about your options and get guidance. Remember, though, you do not have to reveal your immigration status or your parents' to any school personnel, and they can't ask you about it. Make yourself competitive for college admission. Get good grades, take college prep classes, do well on your standardized tests, and try to participate in extracurricular activities. Because your immigration status may limit your options, you should do what you can to give yourself the most opportunities. Additionally, some of the scholarships that you're eligible for are more likely to go to high achieving students. Contact admissions officers and financial aid counselors at the schools you're interested in attending. Typically, they'll try to be helpful and they won't report your immigration status. They can inform you of their financial aid options for undocumented students and let you know how to fill out the school's application, specifically in regards to questions about citizenship and residency. Do research on colleges that offer support for undocumented students. For example, UCLA and UC Berkeley have support programs that provide services and advice for undocumented students. Finally, look at the Repository of Resources For Undocumented Students. It has information about state laws. Also, it has information about scholarships you may be eligible for and organizations that can offer you support and advice. While you may have more hurdles to overcome, graduating from college is possible and will likely give you a better life and future. What's Next? If you're an undocumented student, there may be additional factors to consider, but you should review this post on how to choose a college. Also, you'll want to know the best college search websites. Lastly, if you're wondering how to make yourself as competitive for college admission as possible, read this article on building the most versatile college application. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Justin Berkman About the Author Justin has extensive experience teaching SAT prep and guiding high school students through the college admissions and selection process. He is firmly committed to improving equity in education and helping students to reach their educational goals. Justin received an athletic scholarship for gymnastics at Stanford University and graduated with a BA in American Studies. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Inside Secrets to Greeting Card Writing Revision

Inside Secrets to Greeting Card Writing Revision The legendary Emily Dickinson once stated, â€Å"A wounded deer leaps the highest.†Ã‚   The same holds true for successful greeting card writers. We constantly pour out creative ideas into verses in hopes of landing a sale, and when some of our creations receive rejection, taking a leap to revision is our wisest recourse. Greeting Card Publisher Oatmeal Studios (www.oatmealstudios.com), accepts short humorous verses that possess a punch line sure to bring a smile to the toughest consumer. Sun Day Greetings (www.sundaygreetings.com), however, is more subtle regarding humor and sentimental verse. In lieu of this, is it possible to revise a rejected verse like this: (Picture of a pretty woman sitting on a bus bench) O:   Dear friend, getting older I:   is such a bummer! Let’s try lightening this statement up to the one hundredth power! (Picture of a beautiful older woman dressed impeccably.   Her husband escorts her to the table at a restaurant.   Her husband speaks.) O:   Getting older I:   sure looks amazing on you!   Happy Birthday! Understanding what is not working and opening up your mind to telling a more interesting story are the keys to revision. Whenever a publisher requests to see samples of my work, I like to have sample verses handy that I can just cut and paste in an email like the one below: (Picture of a cat standing on two paws/the other two paws rest in a chair. A birthday cake and a bottle of champagne sit on a table near O:   Break open the bubbly! I:   And don’t forget to pour a little bit in my bowl! Happy Birthday. Try a few of your own Wordy Verses    Most people tend to wait until the last minute to shop for a birthday party or any other special occasion. Imagine a consumer in a store with only a few minutes to choose the perfect card. Consumers prefer words that have a smooth flow- a perfect rhythm. Wordy verses like â€Å"your caring loving beautiful character† and â€Å"you’re the super kindest most thoughtful angelic person I know† are simply too much to chew on, especially when you are in a rush. Publishers avoid buying wordy verses because consumers avoid them as well! Instead, aim for clarity. The Sentimental Publisher There are publishers that prefer emotional-type verses like Blue Mountain Arts (www.sps.com). I love writing these type of verses because I have so many family members and friends who invoke loving emotions within me.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Revise rejected sentimental verses List what makes the recipient unique. State feelings the recipient invokes. Explain the hopes you have for the recipient on the occasion   Ã‚   you’re celebrating. What to Do When Revisions Do Not Work If you have revised your piece with no success, keep hope alive!   Send your work to another publisher. Another pair of eyes may be just what you need to make a sale. Reach For Success According to the Greeting Card Association, the greeting card industry raked in over seven billion dollars in annual retail sales last year. That is more than enough incentive to aim high

Answer the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Answer the questions - Essay Example Private sector norms on the other hand imply that the ethical standards existing in the government sector originated from the private sector, as the former does not have complex bureaucracies therefore upholds high ethical standards than their counterpart2. I particularly find the two ideas interesting because they reflect on the reality that most people tend to disregard. Conflict of interest is prevalent especially in highly politicized working environments while private sector norms have a tendency to infiltrate government agencies and in the process creating more conflicts of authority. Therefore, it would be appropriate to insinuate that the two ethical issues have a strong correlation in that one precedes the other thereby creating a vicious cycle of ethical dilemma. This is because conflicts of authority normally erode the private sector norms that have infiltrated the government and in the process leading to more crisis3. Certainly, conflict of authority and private sector no rms are fundamental concepts that have a wide variety of application in my professional work. During my everyday undertaking of my professional work, I may find myself in a conflict of authority situation and the best method to get out of this ethical dilemma is to act in accordance with the private sector norms that highly regard the incorporation of ethical codes of conduct in resolving ethical dilemmas4. Question Two Although the book ‘Ethics, The Ethics Edge’ presents several strong ethical concepts and arguments, I find two ideas namely, ethical leaders respect others and corruption as the major interesting factors. Ethical leaders ought to show respect to their peers as well as their subordinates as this motivates people in addition to promoting the inherent dignity of other persons. Corruption on the other hand, may have several meanings ranging from the moral sense of corruption to the technical aspects of the same5. In my view, the two aspects are interesting i n the sense that each presents a unique perspective of ethical conducts. For example, the suggestion that ethical leaders normally respect others appears as a hypothetical phrase as more often than not, I find people in leadership positions blatantly disregarding their juniors. This could mean that ethical leadership and leaders for that matter is a rare asset in the contemporary organization settings. Corruption in contrast takes a different ethical route in that it may imply the moral sense of corruption whereby individuals have the mindset of non-accountability deeply rooted in them. The technical sense of corruption is surprisingly the most mundane one because it is the database type of corruption consisting mainly of the physical aspect. These two ideas are curiously opposite because lack of ethical respect by leaders may erode the ethical values within the organization and corruption may ensue6. Both ideas are applicable in my professional work in that as a professional who is honing my leadership skills I have an obligation to respect others irrespective of the positions they hold in society or within the organization. This will include believing in them and their personal values and in the process enhancing my skills as an ethical leader. I also learn that the vice of corruption has many facets ranging from moral to physical aspects and that only ethical leadership

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

International Marketing - Essay Example Internationalization Process A) Stages in Entry Process Internationalization process allows new ventures to gain growth and positive returns through capitalizing on their unique resources as well as capabilities. Learning also becomes possible and internationalization facilitates the new ventures to create and exploit its knowledge. While entering into any markets of any country, it becomes essential to look for opportunities for the product in that particular country so that success can be achieved. There are five basic steps that can be taken into account while expanding operation in other countries. They are ‘country identification, preliminary screening, in-depth screening, final selection and direct experience’. Country Identification It becomes too essential to carry out a common overview of prospective new markets. It may happen at times that two countries share a similar culture, political ideology or religion such as China and Cuba, similar language like the Uni ted States and Australia, similar heritage such as the United Kingdom and Australia. In this stage, the selection becomes straight forward. Preliminary Screening This is the stage where it becomes essential to have a serious look at those countries remaining after undergoing preliminary screening. Here one begins to score weight or rank the nations according to macro-economic factors such as level of domestic consumption, exchange rate, currency stability and others. This is the stage where companies begin to start calculating the nature of the market entry cost. It is to be decided what portion of the company entering into the market is possessed domestically. A proper PESTEL analysis needs to be done before entering the market of other countries. In-depth Screening This is the stage where it would be considered feasible for market entry. Therefore, it becomes important to gain detailed information on the target market so that the strategies can be formulated accordingly. Final Sel ection At this stage it becomes essential to prepare the final shortlist of the potential nations. It would be viable to look at the close competitors or the domestic companies which have already entered into the market in order to get firm costs concerning market entry. In this stage, the managers often looks for nations that it has already entered in order to check the similarities or learning which can be used for decision making. Direct Experience This is the stage where the marketing managers may travel to those particular nations in order to experience the nation’s culture as well as business practices. However, based upon the case study, the following steps of foreign market entry have been identified. 1. Identification of company’s objective in the foreign market entry 2. Preliminary country screening 3. Opportunities and threats in the target country 4. Capabilities, resources and skills needed to succeed in foreign markets 5. Identification of company’ s strength and weakness on key success factors 6. Decisions regarding entering the target market 7. Comparison and ranking of the target market B) Decision to Be Made In Each Stages In case of identifying the objective of the company in the foreign market entry, companies need to identify why it wants to enter into the foreign market. The motives may be to exploit large and

Discussion #8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion #8 - Essay Example It was only after the civil war and the abolition of slavery that the prison system was developed. Before that time correction was limited to physical torture or to capital punishment. Therefore, the idea of prisons was originated as a substitute for slavery. In the beginning of the installment of prisons, prisoners had to endure the Chain Gang system under-which they were forced to work in inhuman conditions. The actual prison labor system is viewed by many as the extension to the above form of abuse as it's based on the exploitation of prisoners. Imprisoned workers are extremely underpaid and don't get the same rights as regular workers such as health insurance and retirement benefits. Add to that that they are obliged to work without their consent. All the previous facts prove that prisons weren't developed for just correctional purposes but mostly for economical ones. That is most proven by the actual tendencies to privatize prisons so that these will be run by various profit organizations instead of the government. For the reasons mentioned earlier, prisoners are considered to be a treasure for these organizations' runners. That provides a logical explanation for the explosion of the incarceration rates in the United States the last few years. Incarceration rates in the USA are considered to be the highest in the world indeed! It comes as a matter of fact that black workers are incarcerated at over eight times the white rate.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) - Essay Example likely to experience health related societal stigma, hence, they tend to isolate themselves from the rest due to depression, embarrassment and poor individual image. â€Å"According to U. N. Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, 2008, ‘Stigma’ remains the single most important barrier to public action. It is a main reason why too many people are afraid to see a doctor to determine whether they are infected or not, or even to seek treatment if so. This becomes a silent killer especially to AIDS sufferers because people fear the social disgrace of speaking about it, or taking easily available precautions. Stigma is a chief reason why the AIDS epidemic continues to devastate societies around the world† (Tomaszewski 2012) . â€Å"STIs are said to be common among young people. Statistically, about 333 million new cases of curable sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) occur each year among young adults around the world. One in five people in the United States has an STD. One out of four new STD infections occurs in teenagers†(stopthinkbesafe.org 2003). The increase in the number of infected individuals with STIs every year becomes alarming. Therefore, the government and private health agencies and health institutions must join efforts to become vigilant and active in finding ways to curb the growing spread of STIs. Unattended spread of STIs can ruin societies around the world. Hence, the highly recommended strategies to undertake would include: intensive information dissemination and implement outreach community programs. Such information dissemination and health service programs must be brought to the people in every near or far-flung community and not the other way around. Activities like gathering relevant and meaningful data can be very useful in â€Å"assessing the community particularly on disease epidemics, monitoring the spread of STIs and the probable people’s risk exposures to occupational and environmental hazards. These efforts are essential in developing

Discuss the effects of Internet Radio on the radio landscape Essay

Discuss the effects of Internet Radio on the radio landscape - Essay Example roles that technology has played is in influencing the conventional radio system, which is now with advancements and progression in Information Technology, is encompassing into the form of internet radio. Living in the world of blooming science and technology, our lives are gradually changing along with its research and innovations (Lee, pp. 20-23, 2005). It revolves around us in every activity, whereby we have been left dependent upon its functioning as mere parts of a machine, unified under a mechanical function. Not only has it revolutionized our personal lives, but also the way in which a society communicates with each other has changed. Our present way of life would have been a dreamland for man just a century ago, and what we possess today is still not at its climax, what follows ahead is a mystery under guidance of technological advancement (Lee, pp. 20-23, 2005). The conventional system of broadcasting information, news, and entertainment is under massive change by the gauntlet of technology, whereby the entire network today stands at perils because of the rapidly growing fantasy of internet radio (Zittrain, pp. 56-58, 2008). The dissemination information by its means has developed a new system, which allows the network’s programs to be broadcasted everywhere to common people. The new internet radio is seen wearing the new trend to fit easily to the tastes of the modern generation, massively loaded with new news and information to cater all age groups and its ease in accessibility and profound efficiency all have added great value to popularity. From all forms of electronic media, radio is a common person’s device, which provides apt news and information and a negligible cost, is mobile and can be accessed from almost anywhere around the country. It is easy to travel with, acting as a live companion at all times, and can even be connected with other electric devices as an â€Å"add on† keeping one updated with national and international happenings

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) - Essay Example likely to experience health related societal stigma, hence, they tend to isolate themselves from the rest due to depression, embarrassment and poor individual image. â€Å"According to U. N. Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, 2008, ‘Stigma’ remains the single most important barrier to public action. It is a main reason why too many people are afraid to see a doctor to determine whether they are infected or not, or even to seek treatment if so. This becomes a silent killer especially to AIDS sufferers because people fear the social disgrace of speaking about it, or taking easily available precautions. Stigma is a chief reason why the AIDS epidemic continues to devastate societies around the world† (Tomaszewski 2012) . â€Å"STIs are said to be common among young people. Statistically, about 333 million new cases of curable sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) occur each year among young adults around the world. One in five people in the United States has an STD. One out of four new STD infections occurs in teenagers†(stopthinkbesafe.org 2003). The increase in the number of infected individuals with STIs every year becomes alarming. Therefore, the government and private health agencies and health institutions must join efforts to become vigilant and active in finding ways to curb the growing spread of STIs. Unattended spread of STIs can ruin societies around the world. Hence, the highly recommended strategies to undertake would include: intensive information dissemination and implement outreach community programs. Such information dissemination and health service programs must be brought to the people in every near or far-flung community and not the other way around. Activities like gathering relevant and meaningful data can be very useful in â€Å"assessing the community particularly on disease epidemics, monitoring the spread of STIs and the probable people’s risk exposures to occupational and environmental hazards. These efforts are essential in developing

Matthew effect Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Matthew effect - Movie Review Example The different researchers and experts in the show are keen to highlight that their studies have revealed that children have different cognitive abilities. Some children face difficulties in learning how to read, whereas others register immediate progress upon entry into school. A difference in a few months of joining school can have a remarkable difference in the academic progress of students in kindergarten especially in their ability to read. The show also discusses the effects of redshirting children in kindergarten extending the experiences in the lower levels of learning. However, redshirting can introduce differences in the reading abilities of children with some children becoming the oldest in the class (Redd). In my opinion, the Mathew effect has the potential to affect the life of an individual. According to Gladwell featured in the video, teachers are more likely to give attention to students who post a better performance. Therefore, the gap between the good and poor performers only widens over time. Therefore, there is a salient need of presenting students with similar learning opportunities in order to minimize the gap in cognitive skills brought about by the Mathew effect

Breakfast cereal market Global trends Essay Example for Free

Breakfast cereal market Global trends Essay Product segmentation The breakfast cereal market consists of two types of products: breakfast cereal and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. For the year 2008, the ready-to-eat cereals dominated the market with about 88. 1% of the market share while hot cereals accounted for the remaining 11. 9% of the market. The corresponding figure for the year 2006 was 91% for ready-to-eat cereals (Marketline, 2009, p. 4). Following is the convenience market segment information for the breakfast cereal information. Fig – 1Consumer Market Segment Information (Costcutter, 2008, p.2) Following are the global market share of each of the following product segment. Fig – 2Market share by different product segments (Costcutter, 2008, p. 2) Market Value The global market for the breakfast cereal industry had a value of $ 22,209 billion which meant a growth rate percentage of 2. 9% from the last year. The compound annual growth rate for the last five years i. e. from 2004-2008 was also 2. 9%. The largest geographical market for the breakfast cereal industry is America which accounts for 63. 2% of the total market value (Marketline, 2009, p. 4). The complete market growth is mostly as a result of growth in premium products rather than the overall volume. As mentioned earlier the target market for breakfast cereal as baby boomers and children. Of this the children’s market accounts for as much as 42% f the entire ready-to-eat breakfast cereal market. The biggest selling children’s brand for ready-to-eat breakfast cereal is Coco Pops. This brand alone was responsible for as much as 43 million pounds of the total 501. 9 million pounds of sales in UK in the year 2007. This is astonishing because the market has been rife with warnings from food associations regarding salt and sugar content in breakfast cereals (Muddy Cook, 2008, p. 2). In terms of value, the industry has growth by 15. 7% between 2004 and 2008 with the figures being particularly strong for the year 2007. The figure below shows the trends for global breakfast cereal trade by value. Fig – 3Global Breakfast cereal trade, by value in US $ billions (USDA, 2005, p. 5) In addition to this, the figure below shows the increase in global export market for breakfast cereal. As can be seen an increase in the rise of both private label as well as foreign competition has hampered in the increase of US share in the exports. Fig – 4 Global export market for breakfast cereal (USDA, 2005, p. 6) United States is the third largest importer of breakfast cereal. This fact is also a cause of concern for the domestic manufacturers who contribute for the maximum market sales in the world. The import value is shown in the figure below according to which the market showed an increase of 30% over the 1998 figure. Canada and France remained the top importers followed by United States. The countries following this were United Kingdom with an import value of $126 million and Germany with an import value of $114 million. Fig – 5 Top global import markets for breakfast cereals (USDA, 2005, p. 8) The breakfast cereal market desperately needs new markets. The figure below shows the requirements for a few such markets. Fig – 6 Import demand for Breakfast cereal in select markets (USDA, 2005, p. 17) Market Volume The global market volume for the breakfast cereal industry was 3,536. 8 million Kg which was a rise of 2. 2% over the last year. The compound annual growth rate for the last five years i. e. from 2004-2008 was also 2. 2%. This figure is expected to reach a value of 3914. 1 million Kg in the year 2013 which would mean an increase in volume by about 10. 7% since 2008 (Marketline, 2009, p. 4). The figure below shows the trends for global breakfast cereal trade by volume. Fig – 7 Global Breakfast cereal trade, by volume (USDA, 2005, p. 6) Distribution The main distribution channels for the breakfast cereal industry are the supermarkets/ hypermarkets that account for 79% of the market’s value distributed. This is followed by independent retailers who account for 8. 4% of the market’s value distributed (Marketline, 2009, p. 4). Competitive environment The figure below shows the percentage share of the major breakfast cereal companies by volume for the year 2007. As can been seen from the figure, Kellogg dominates the market with 36. 4 % of the market share. Another interesting aspect is that the industry is entirely dominated by branded products with the three largest companies i. e. Kellogg, General Mills and Kraft Foods, accounting for 63. 3% of the total market value by volume (Marketline, 2009, p.4). In fact the top 20 brands in breakfast cereal market account for as much as 70% of the total sales. The household penetration of cereals is as much as 97%. Fig – 8 % share by volume of global breakfast cereal markets (Marketline, 2009, p. 4) In addition to these three companies some other popular companies of breakfast cereal are Quaker, Nabisco, Sunshine, Kashi, Health Valley, Malt-o-Meal, Mckee, Ralston, Unilever, Frito-Lay in North America, Cargill Inc. Tyson Foods, mars Inc. ConAgra foods Inc. , Weetabix and Cereal Partners (an alliance between Nestle and General Mills). Entry Deterrents The size f the breakfast cereal industry as per both the profits as well as the volume is immense as can be seen from the statistics above. The growth rate of the industry too has been fairly decent. The industry has been in existence for about 100 years, however save for the early entrants and the entry of the private-labeled brands, the industry has been relatively clutter free. In fact according to the marker share figures also it can be seen that not many companies could afford to enter the industry and make any significant impact. This is a rather unusual situation and the reason for the market deterrents can be seen from in the figure below. Fig – 9 Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the Global Breakfast cereals market (Marketline, 2009, p. 3) Looking at the figure it becomes clear that the market entry is favorable for those companies who wish to diversify their operations in the breakfast cereal market. While the entry can definitely be made by an entirely new company it may encounter problems.

How To Improve School For Todays Young Learners Education Essay

How To Improve School For Todays Young Learners Education Essay There is a significant amount of research that has explored the benefits of in-school Physical education. With a large number of schools and students participating, control groups have been able to track the advantages and disadvantages of in-school Physical education. The conclusions, interpretations, and suggestions for Physical Education have determined an overall academic performance increase has occurred in the students with proper Physical Education instruction. The need to improve the school systems for todays young learners should be at the pinnacle of education reform. How to improve school for todays young learners There is a rising concern with the development of our children and their academic performance in comparison to other industrialized countries throughout the world. If the United States wants to remain competitive in the world market, it needs to address the issues involving the future generations. If the education of past generations has proven to be inadequate, an elucidation for improving the school systems will create smarter generations for the future. Improving the nations school system is a difficult and delicate project. If we try to change the curriculum, determining which curriculum to change becomes far too analytical. Does reading need more attention than writing? Does writing need more attention than Arithmetic? Subjecting every student to standardized test has been the determinant of all the prevailing questions. Teach to the test is the routine saying to describe our elementary academics. The focus is on the test, and has taken away from the learning. The standardized t esting does little to improve the knowledge of the student, but the learning gives the students a priceless commodity. The schools need to look at more progressive means of improvement; address the needs of the students and the teachers, not the states requirements for test scores. There has been significant research on the effects of in-school Physical Education and its benefits. The continuation of in-school physical education will improve  overall student academic performance and an  array of physical and mental skills. Physical Education is a subject that is creates better students and has an additional benefit of health. Schools currently have Physical Education as part of the daily curriculum, but the amount of time allotted for proper physical education is diminishing. This may be adversely affecting the overall performance, students who had moderate to high levels of physical activity within P.E. reported fewer attention problems during class and more years of post-high school educationalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Exner, A. 2009). An example of a modification to the school curriculum would be to reduce the amount of time for lunch and recess and introduce organized sport or play. The additional physical activity increases the attentiveness of the students, and will result in better comprehension or retention of the course material. With a better understanding of the school material the students are more confident in their studies and are more willing to pursue post high school education. If our nation wants stay competitive with other nations, we need to develop smarter students from the infancy of education, not better test takers. The mental skills enhancements associated with exercise, research shows that physical activity improves academic skill learning, concentration, memory, classroom behavior, and general academic performance, (Exner, A. 2009) are the things that need to be addressed. If schools focus on developing the concentration and memory of children, then the children will learn more in the allotted time for school. Developing the skills to learn as well as learning itself will benefit our school system tremendously. Classroom instruction is an essential in the foundation of education, and quality Physical Education should be included. Physical Education is a complicated; insuring that schools properly apply all the right formulas for physical education will result in better cognition in children. Lounsbery and Smith (2009) have indentified that Quality physical education is defined by standards related to five critical elements: (1) who teaches it, (2) how often students receive it, (3) what is taught, (4) how well students should perform, and (5) for what purpose it is taught. The schools need to be sure all teachers receive, at minimum, basic physical activity training. Giving the teachers the tools to properly apply physical education will assist them with the in classroom subjects as well. A proper balance of education in schools needs to be maintained. If we take away from physical education and give to math or reading the equilibrium of education is thrown off. Academic achievement will prevail in the students with the proper amount of Physical Education. Our nation is falling behind on the overall test scores, due to the change in curriculum. Sometimes it is necessary to cut subjects due to budgetary constraints, but cutting the things that adversely affect the students is a better idea than reducing the subject proven to increase the productivity of the students. When legislation calls for education budget cuts, the first things on the chopping block are physical activities and extra curricular sports programs. The demands of politicians and the government are obstructing the advancement of academic performance in this country. Balancing the subjects in all area of the academic process needs to be maintained, in order to provide students with the necessary tools to succeed in school and life. An equal treatment of all subjects will create an atmosphere for higher learning standards. As youths make the transition to adulthood, they require skills that will aid them in making self-assessments, planning personal programs, setting goals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(self-monitoring), making decisions, and solving problems (Le Masurier, G,   Corbin, C.  2006). In order to make schools better for the young learners of today and generations to come, addressing the needs of developing mind and body go hand in hand. The body is the carrying case for the mind and its capabilities. The multiple benefits of Physical education extend outside of the classroom. Personal growth and maturity in the decision making process are also among the many values to physical education. Schools want for the students to achieve high test scores, at the risk of becoming in-sufficient in other fields of education. Schools primary obligation to the student is to properly prepare and develop the mind and body for what ever lies ahead. Whether is be running companies, raising families, or governing countries, the students that are given the proper education from the beginning will be more successful.

Phosphates :: essays research papers

Phosphates Phosphates may be created by substituting some or all of the hydrogen of a phosphoric acid by metals. Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms that are replaced, the resulting compound is described as a primary, secondary or tertiary phosphate. Primary and secondary phosphates contain hydrogen and are acid salts. Secondary and tertiary phosphates, with the exception of those of sodium, potassium and ammonium are insoluble in water. Tertiary sodium phosphate is valuable as a detergent and water softener. The primary phosphates tend to be more soluble. Phosphates, which are an important component to metabolism in both plants and animals, help in the first step in oxidation of glucose in the body. Primary calcium phosphate is an ingredient of plant fertilizer. Phosphates have caused increasing attention recently. The focus is on the environmentally harmful effects in household detergents. Wastewater, from laundering agents, contains phosphates, which are said to be a water pollutant. Most laundry detergents contain approximately 35% to 75% sodium triphosphate (Na5P3O10), which serves two purposes. Providing an alkaline solution (pH 9.0 to 10.5) is necessary for effective cleansing and also to tie up calcium and magnesium ions found in natural waters and prevent them from interfering with the cleansing role of the detergent. Eutrophication is the progressive over-fertilization of water, in which festering masses of algae's blooms, choking rivers and lakes. Phosphorus compounds act as a fertilizer for all plant life, whether free-floating algae or more substantial rooted weeds, and are implicated in eutrophication. Many countries control phosphate levels, whereas Switzerland has banned the use of phosphates. The marine environment is both fragile and more resistant than the terrestrial ecosystem. It is fragile for the reasons that nutrients are generally present in very low concentrations, permanently consumed by living organisms and pollutants diffuse rapidly. Lakes and rivers are extremely complex ecosystems. Nutrients are taken up by both algae and rooted weeds. The weeds act as a shelter for fish larvae and zooplankton, both of which eat algae and are, in turn, eaten by larger fish. Scientists have concluded that unpolluted lakes can absorb surprisingly large amounts of phosphates without uncertainty. When a fertilizer, such as a phosphate, is added more algae will grow, and consequently will the populations of zooplankton and fish. Difficulties only arise when the lake is already impure. Zooplankton are sensitive to their environment and many substances are toxic to them. If any of these substances, including phosphates, are present the zooplankton population cannot increase. Adding phosphates to this polluted system will case algae growth. The floating masses cut off the light supply. Weeds die and decompose using up dissolved oxygen, and causing sulfurous smells

Company Recycling Program

Working in this company for some years now, I have noticed the large amount of paper, cans, plastic bottles, newspapers and cardboards being thrown away by our employees. As an environmental engineer concerned for the world we live in, it is alarming how these heaps of trash will burden Mother Earth when they are by all means recyclable.In connection, I want to propose for a recycling program to be implemented in our company. After some inquiries with the Facilities Department, I have learned from their manager, that ten years ago, our company has a recycling program but that it ended when the recycling coordinator left the company.I have also consulted Mr. Brown on the possibility of starting up another recycling program and he told me that even though he had no time to look at it, there is no problem in starting up another. Recycling is not very hard to do; it only involves some simple steps to follow as well as discipline of all the employees. Honolulu’s Department of Envir onmental Services (Honolulu ENV) devised six simple steps to follow in setting up a recycling program for any business: 1. Select a recycling coordinator;2. Conduct a waste audit; 3. Determine which materials to collect for recycling; 4. Select your collection contractor; 5. Design your collection contraction; and 6. Promote employee/tenant participation. There is no significant financial cost in the recycling program, only additional waste bins for waste segregation. Instead of paying for regular waste management companies, it is cheaper to contract recycling companies who will gladly pick up our garbage ready for recycling.Not only that, it is also a wise business move since nowadays, people are more conscious of environmental problems and look for companies who are advocates of protecting the environment. Once they know of our recycling program, they will see that we provide environmentally-friendly engineering and will choose our company when it comes to engineering services.Ple ase consider the matter. Thank you. Works Cited Honolulu ENV (Department of Environmental Services). (n. d. ). ENV Honolulu. Retrieved May 31, 2009, from http://www. envhonolulu. org: http://envhonolulu. org/solid_waste/How_to_Set_up_a_recycling_program. html

Stone Cold

Stone cold is a book written by Robert Swindells, the plot of the story is set on two people, one who is homeless (Link) and one who kills because he believes that the homeless ruin the place (Shelter).Robert Swindells is clever at writing the story, as he switches between the two characters link and shelter, the characters in the story are all different and lead very different lives, Shelter who used to be in the army left after problems, now he believes that he is still in the army and is on a mission to kill people especially homeless people on the streets, he makes his own recruits and then kills them brutally, he believes that he is making the place look tidier and cleaner.Then there is Link, Link has had a lot of trouble at home, and he has left his family and friends to lead a better life on the streets of London, though he is finding it hard to survive, and has had trouble rationing the money he had. He finds himself in London, he barely survives as he finds a bed mate called ginger, however when ginger suddenly disappears link is all back on his own in the great city of London, then he meets Gail, but then a again like all the people he meets, he finds that she is a reporter.Robert Swindells makes this book interesting, by making the suspense last, and he uses complex vocabulary to create an atmosphere, he brings shelter to life, he creates link by bringing him into shelter and into the insecure street life of London, he makes you feel sad and puts your feelings and puts them in the story, he makes you feel sorry of Link by showing and emphasizing that this boy is now on the streets as he has made a mess of his life.And now at the very end in London alone he lives, with a broken heart, no lover or friend, however he is now more street wise and he understands not to fall into the arms of anyone and get attached to soon.

Sandra Jones

The plaintiff in this case is Sandra Jones, and the defendant is Winnie Tsige. What is case is about is Winnie Tsige, has been surreptitiously looking at Sandra Jones banking records. 2. The case was heard September 29, 2011 by the court of appeal for Ontario, and the result at the original trial was does Ontario law recognize a right to bring a civil action for damages for the invasion of personal privacy. 3. The court that heard the case in the attached file was Kevin M. V.Whitaker, of the Superior court of Justice, date March 23 2011, with reasons reported at 2011 ONSC 1475, 333 D. L. R (4TH) 566. 4. The important facts in this case is Tsige and Jones did not know each other, and Tsige was in a relationship with Jones former husband. The other important fact were as a bank employee, Tsige had full access to Jones banking information and contrary to the bank’s policy, looked into Jones banking records at least 174 times over a period of four years. . The issues that the cour t had to decide is whether the motion judge erred by granting summary judgment and dismissing Jones claim for damages on the ground that Ontario law does not recognize the tort of beach of primacy. 6. The court refer to other cases because Jones appeals to the court, raising the following issue, did the motion judge err in holding that Ontario law does not recognize a cause of action for invasion of privacy. 7.The elements that are necessary in order to be successful with an action for intrusion upon seclusion is first, the defendant’s conduct must be intentional, within which I would include reckless; second that the defendant must have invaded, without lawful justification, the plaintiff’s private affairs or concerns; and third that a reasonable person would regard the invasion as highly offensive causing distress, humiliation or anguish. . The limitations on an action for intrusion upon seclusion are it is only intrusions into matters such as one’s financial or health records, sexual practices and orientation, employment, diary or private correspondence that, viewed objectively on the reasonable person standard, can be described as highly offensive. 9.The factors that the court will consider in setting damages in an action for intrusion upon seclusion is Tsige’s actions were deliberate and repeated and arose from complex web of domestic arrangements likely to provoke strong feelings and animosity, two Jones was understandably very upset by the intrusion into her private financial affairs, and Jones suffered no public embarrassment or harm to her health, welfare, social, business or financial position and Tsige has apologized for her conduct and made genuine attempts to make amends. 0. How this decision changes the law of intentional torts is intentional torts are actions by individuals or businesses that intentionally cause harm to others. When intentional torts occur in the workplace, they are often the result of employees losin g their tempers, but in this case Tsige repeatedly examined the private bank records of Jones and did not take any money or any harm to her banking she just committed the tort of intrusion upon seclusion because Tsige looked at Jones banking records 174 over a four year period. 11.This case has a huge impact on privacy because Winnie Tsige, was looking at Sandra Jones banking records 174 time over a four year period and she never realized it, and because they worked at different branches of the Bank of Montreal, Tsige had full access to banking information, and contrary to the banks policy, so Tsige could do whatever she wanted to and no one would find out because there are so many different branches for the Bank of Montreal. 12. This case is important because even though Tsige didn’t harm Jones physically she still sis a lot of damages to her by looking at her banking records many time over a period of time.Another reason this case is important is because Tsige had formed a common law relationship with Jones former husband and because Tsige was a employee at the Bank of Montreal, she had full access to jones banking records and anybody else she wanted to look at, and her Ex-husband was probably telling Tsige to look at Jones banking information and records to see her purchase, what she’s doing with the alimony payments he is giving her ever month, and what she does with her money.I believe just cause you work at the bank you shouldn’t have full access to banking information, you should only have that privilege if your high up in the bank, or if one of the tellers needs to look at someone’s banking information then the manager they’re should have to put in a password that only he/she knows so they can get that information.

Approach to Care, Treatment Plan and Patient Education Essay - 2

Approach to Care, Treatment Plan and Patient Education - Essay Example Apart from the diagnostic procedures, the treatment regimen is usually composed of several drugs with different dosages and frequency of intake. In this paper, a case of a patient with Cardiomyopathy and Congestive Heart Failure will be covered including the general approach to care, treatment and teaching plan. Mr. P, 76 years old, diagnosed with Cardiomyopathy and Congestive Heart Failure, was brought to the hospital for management of acute exacerbations of symptoms. Aside from the peripheral edema, crackles in lung fields, and dyspnea, further evaluation revealed that the patient is having a difficulty complying with the diet restrictions and drug regimen. In this case, the approach for the patient should include the stabilization of the condition, patient and caregiver education, and psychosocial support. Physiological stabilization is comprised of ventilation assistance, hemodynamic regulation, and energy management (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010). Specifically, ventilation assistance should focus on assessing respiratory rate and rhythm, administration of prescribed supplemental oxygen, proper positioning to promote optimal lung expansion and minimize respiratory efforts, and regular auscultation of breath sounds to discover areas of decreased or absent ventilation and presence of adventitious sounds. Furthermore, hemodynamic regulation should focus on monitoring heart rate and rhythm, peripheral pulses, monitoring intake/ output, urine output, changes in patient weight, and prompt administration of prescribed inotropic medications. Moreover, energy management should focus on monitoring the patient’s cardiopulmonary response to activity and determination of the physical limitations. All these measures form the vital components of patient care to promote functional mobility and prevent aggravation of the condition. Needless to say, it is necessary that the patient and his caregiver receive clear information using  simple language about the condition to promote compliance with the treatment regimen.  

Mrketing orienttion in reltion to sles orienttion nd production Essay

Mrketing orienttion in reltion to sles orienttion nd production orienttion - Essay Example Pillsbury on the bsis of vilbility of high-qulity whet nd proximity of wter power. Mjor concern ws with mnufcturing-not mrketing. ccording to compny executive, compny philosophy in the er of mnufcturing dominnce might be stted s follows: "We re professionl flour millers. Blessed with supply of the finest North mericn whet, plenty of wter power, nd excellent milling mchinery, we produce flour of the highest qulity. Our bsic function is to mill high-qulity flour, nd of course (nd lmost incidentlly), we must hire slesmen to sell it, just s we hire ccountnts to keep our books." The second er ws one of sles orienttion. In the 1930's, competition hd become more significnt nd the problems of reching the mrket hd grown much more complex. Compny officils becme somewht wre of consumer wnts nd needs, nd formed commercil reserch deprtment to develop fcts bout mrkets. More ttention ws given to strengthening the distributing orgniztion, consisting of wholesle nd retil grocers. Compny philosophy in this er is described s follows: "We re flour milling compny, mnufcturing number of products for the consumer mrket. We must hve first-rte sles orgniztion which cn dispose of ll the products we cn mke t fvorble price. We must bck up this sles force with consumer dvertising nd mrket intelligence. We wnt our slesmen nd our delers to hve ll the tools they need for moving the output of our plnts to the consumer."third er of mrketing orienttion did not begin until the erly 1950's. The compny hd experienced substntil post-World Wr II sles growth in new products, principlly cke mi xes. It relized tht it could produce hundreds of new products, nd fced the necessity of selecting the best ones. It ws considered essentil to build into the compny orgniztion new function which would coordinte the heretofore seprte compny responsibilities of selling, dvertising, mrketing reserch, nd product plnning, nd provide guidnce for other res. This function ws clled "mrketing," nd mrketing developed the criteri for determining which products to mrket. Emphsis shifted from mnufcturing nd mere sles considertions to determintion of which products would best fit the needs of the compny's customers. Compny policy for the 1950's ws stted s follows: "We mke nd sell products for consumers."mrketing oriented firm is now defined s n "orgniztion culture tht most effectively cretes the necessry behviors for the cretion of superior vlue for buyers nd, thus, superior performnce for the business." (Nrver nd Slter, 1990, p. 21) This definition implies tht the firm needs to understnd buyer nee ds nd competitive cpbilities nd weknesses, nd it needs to perform ctivities gered to chieving superior customer stisfction. The firm's corporte culture is systemticlly committed to creting customer vlue. The rtionle is tht the more compny understnds nd meets the rel needs of its consumers, the more likely it is to hve hppy customers who come bck for more, nd tell their friends. This process cn entil the fostering of long term

Research Topics in Insurance Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topics in Insurance - Research Paper Example At the same time, it can also cover those who are bellow this specified age, but have special needs- the disabled or those suffering from the end stage renal disease. Under this scheme, one is eligible to be covered for the hospital bills under the umbrella of category ‘A’ at the same time, one can enjoy insurance coverage under part ‘B’ or be covered for the prescription of drugs under the scheme’s part ‘B’ This scheme however differs from the Medicaid programme because it mainly focuses on the elderly people at the age of 65 years and above. On the other hand, the Medicaid programme is open to any person in any age group. Similarly, the Medicare scheme solely relies on the federal government for funds while the Medicaid does not entirely depend on the federal government for funding. Part of its budget is footed by the respective semi- autonomous state governments. Medicaid insurance on the other hand relies on the federal government to offer health coverage or to provide home nursing for a specified category of people in the United States of America (US General Accountability Office, 2000). Such categories of people eligible for coverage under this noble programme are the low income earning people in the American society. They include the children, parents of eligible children, the elderly, pregnant women and the disabled who may be in a dire need for home nursing. Ideally, this programme was designed to help the categories of people to afford medical bills under the Medicaid programme, an eligible person is entitled to be wholly or partly be assisted to settle their medical bills. Generally, there are two distinct types of Medicaid- Community Medicaid and the Medicaid nursing. Community Medicaid in its part was designed to assist people who a little or no medical insurance schemes at all. However, medical nursing home scheme on the other hand, is meant for

Anna Pavlova Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anna Pavlova - Research Paper Example On graduation, she began to perform at the Maryinksy Theatre, debuting on September 19, 1899. 1In early 20th century, Pavlova was a transnational celebrity. She had her first tour to Moscow in 1907 and by 1910; she made an appearance at the Metropolitan Opera House in America. In 1912, she settled in England. Her ties to Russia were broken in 1914 when she was travelling through Germany to Russia, when Germany declared war on Russia. Based in London, she toured the world with the help of her manager, Victor Dandre who may have been her husband. She kept her private life highly confidential. Her final tour was between 1928-29 and her final performance in England took place in 19302. It is not what she did that brought her to the limelight, it is how she did it that made her phenomenal. She expressed her thoughts through dance, which was complemented by her remarkable body that added flavor to her dance. She played a big role as the pioneer of dance theatre and that role has helped shape what modern ballet is. She was almost entirely committed to the classic style based on ballet tradition. Her fame was mostly credited to her wittiness, frailness, daintiness and lightness. She enabled the world realize the influence of dance in society. Driven by the desire to achieve recognition for her talent, she was able to influence her community. She became a spokesman for her art, attracting audiences to her and to ballet. Her willingness to perform across the globe popularized ballet and helped shape what it is today. Her tours established ballet as a highly popular art that brings people together. Her stage performances were exceptional. She made unique entrances and exits on stage such that no one could predict where she was emerging from or where she would disappear to. She was an embodiment of choreography. Her image left the audience wanting more and her art in dancing remained a mystery. She